Chart 337 - Diseases 2

Diseases 2 Chart

Spectrum Chart - 337 : Diseases 2

1. Pneumonia – Pneumonia is a disease of the lungs and the respiratory system. The lung contains many small bulbs or sacs called alveoli. These help to take out oxygen from the air. In the case of pneumonia, these bulbs become inflamed. They fill up with a fluid and can no longer absorb as much oxygen as before. Pneumonia is due to infections caused primarily by bacteria or viruses and less commonly by fungi and parasites. Pneumonia is typically diagnosed based on a combination of physical signs and a chest X-ray.

2. Chikungunya – Chikungunya is an infection caused by the chikungunya virus. It can cause joint pains that can last for weeks, months or sometimes even years. Chikungunya is spread to humans by two species of mosquito Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. Since 2004, there have been outbreaks in Asia, Europe and The Americas. There is no known treatment or cure for chikungunya.

3. Diarrhea - Diarrhea is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria or parasite, a condition known as gastroenteritis. Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water and hand washing with soap.

4. Chicken Pox - Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus. The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the chest, back and face then spreads to the rest of the body. Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person.

5. Asthma – Asthma is a common long term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterised by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens.

6. Leprosy - Leprosy is an infectious disease. It has been known for a very long time. It is caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae. A person with leprosy is called a leper. Getting the disease is hard, since it requires close contact with someone who has it, over a long period of time. About 95% of people seem to be naturally immune to it. Most cases of leprosy occur in India and other developing countries. The symptoms of leprosy are irregular spots and patches on the skin. These are either lighter coloured than the surrounding skin or reddish in colour.

7. Typhoid - Typhoid is a bacterial infection due to Salmonella typhi that causes symptoms, which may vary from mild to severe and usually begin six to thirty days after exposure. Typhoid usually lasts between two weeks and a month. The symptoms of typhoid often appear 10 to 14 days after infection. If no treatment is given, between one and three out of every ten patients die.

8. Anthrax – Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can occur in four forms skin, inhalation, intestinal and injection. Symptoms begin between one day and two months after contracting the infection. The skin form presents with a small blister with surrounding swelling that often turns into a painless ulcer with a black centre. Anthrax is spread by contact with the spores of the bacteria, which are often from infectious animal products. Contact is by breathing, eating or through an area of broken skin. It does not typically spread directly between people.

9. Polio – Polio is a virus that causes a serious disease. It is spread from person to person. Most of the time, polio has no symptoms unless it goes into the blood. Once infected there is no specific treatment. In 2015 polio affected less than 100 people, down from 350,000 cases in 1988. It is hoped that vaccination efforts and early detection of cases will result in global eradication of the disease by 2018.

10. Jaundice – Jaundice is when the skin and the whites of the eyes become a yellow colour. People with jaundice have a problem with their liver, which stops it from removing dead red blood cells properly. These blood cells contain a chemical called bilirubin. Bilirubin causes the yellow colouring of the skin. Jaundice is often seen in liver disease such as hepatitis or liver cancer. The main symptom of jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white area of the eye and the skin. Urine is dark in colour.

11. Thyrotoxic Goitre (Thyroid) – A thyroid disease is a medical condition impairing the function of the thyroid. Different thyroid diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. These diseases have a large range of symptoms and affect all ages. Imbalance in production of thyroid hormones arises from dysfunction of the thyroid gland itself, the pituitary gland, which produces thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) or the hypothalamus, which regulates the pituitary gland via thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Hypothyroidism affects between three and ten percent of adults, with incidence higher in women and the elderly.

12. Brain Tumor – A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types of tumors: malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors. All types of brain tumors may produce symptoms that vary depending on the part of the brain involved. These may include headaches, seizures, problem with vision, vomiting and mental changes. The cause of most brain tumors is unknown. The treatment varies based on the type of tumor. For meningiomas, surgical removal of the tumor alone is often sufficient. Malignant tumors like anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme, however, require more aggressive therapy.

13. Herpes - Herpes is a virus. It causes two common diseases. Both diseases have painful, watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes or on the genitals. They have minimal symptoms or form blisters that break open and result in small ulcers. These typically heal over two to four weeks. Tingling or shooting pains may occur before the blisters appear.

14. Cardiac Defibrillation (Heart Attack) - Heart attack occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw. Most heart attacks are caused by coronary artery disease. A wax-like material called plaque builds up on the inside walls of arteries in the heart. Due to which less blood can flow through the blood vessels & reach heart, this causes heart attack. A person can lower their chances of getting coronary artery disease by eating healthy foods, exercising, not smoking cigarettes and not drinking alcohol.

15. Diabetes - Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Diabetes is the condition that results from lack of insulin in a person's blood. Symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Diabetes can often be prevented by maintaining a normal body weight, engaging in physical exercise and consuming a healthful diet.

To Buy Chart - CLICK HERE