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| Marine National Park of India Chart |
Spectrum Chart - 575 : Marine National Park of India
1. Gulf of Kutch Marine National Park -
Marine National Park in the Gulf of Kutch is situated on the southern
shore of the Gulf of Kutch in the Devbhumi Dwarka District of
Gujarat state.
2. Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park -
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a protected area of India
consisting of 21 small islands and adjacent coral reefs in the Gulf
of Mannar in the Indian Ocean. The park has a high diversity of
plants and animals in its marine, intertidal and near shore habitats.
Public access inside the Park is limited to glass bottom boat rides.
3. Coral Reef – A coral reef is a large
underwater structure made of dead and living corals. In most healthy
reefs, stony corals are predominant. They are built from colonial
polyps from the phylum Cnidaria which secrete an exoskeleton of
calcium carbonate.
4. Clownfish – The clown fish is a kind
of fish. Clownfishes habitat usually is a coral reefs. Clown fishes
can grow up and reach 18 cm. They can be orange, yellow or they may
look a little red. Many people like having clownfishes in their
aquarium because they are some of the easiest salt water fish to keep
and care.
5. Emperor Angelfish - Emperor angelfish
is a species of marine angelfish. It is a reef-associated fish,
native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans.Emperor angelfish dwell in
reef-associated areas at depths ranging from 1–100 m. They tend to
hang out at shrimp cleaning stations, feeding off parasites and dead
skin of larger fish species. Emperor angelfish are omnivorous,
feeding on both small invertebrates and plants.
6. Steppe Eagle - Steppe eagle is a bird
of prey. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. It
is about 62–81 cm in length and has a wingspan of 1.65–2.15 m.
This is a large eagle with brown upperparts and blackish flight
feathers and tail. The steppe eagle's diet is largely fresh carrion
of all kinds, but it will kill rodents and other small mammals.
7. Crab - Crabs are in the phylum
Crustacea. They are decapods (having ten legs). Their short body is
covered by a thick exoskeleton. Crabs have short tails. Crabs are
omnivores, they eat almost anything they find. They will eat
molluscs, other crustaceans, worms, fungi and bacteria. Crabs are
prepared and eaten all over the world as food.
8. Eurasian Curlew - Eurasian curlew is a
wader in the large family Scolopacidae. This is the largest wader in
its range, at 50–60 cm in length, with a 89–106 cm wingspan. It
is mainly greyish brown, with a white back, greyish-blue legs and a
very long curved bill.
9. Whale Shark - Whale shark is a large
filter feeding shark and is the largest shark in the world, reaching
lengths of up to 12 metres long and weighing as much as 47, 000
pounds. Whale shark has a streamlined body and a wide, flattened
head. The mouth is transverse, very large and is nearly at the tip of
the snout. Whale shark has a very widespread distribution, found in
all tropical and warm temperate seas, except in theMediterranean.
10. Bottlenose Dolphin – A bottlenose
dolphin is a kind of dolphin. The name "bottlenose" comes
from its snout being shaped like a bottle, although its real nose for
breathing is just a hole on top of its head. Bottlenose dolphins are
grey, varying from dark grey at the top near the dorsal fin to very
light grey and almost white at the underside.
11. Sea Sponge – A sea sponge is a member
of the phylum Porifera. It is a simple animal with many cells, but no
mouth, muscles, heart or brain. It cannot move from place to place
the way most other animals can. A sponge is an animal that grows in
one spot like most plants do. There are more than 10,000 species of
sponge. Most sponges live in the ocean. A few live in fresh water.
All sponges take in water through pores in their bodies. The water
goes out through a big tube in the centre. Most sponges filter little
bits of food from the water going through their bodies.
12. Great Cormorant - Great cormorant is a
large black bird, but there is a wide variation in size in the
species wide range. Weight is reported to vary from 1.5 kg to 5.3 kg.
This is a very common and widespread bird species. It feeds on the
sea, in estuaries and on freshwater lakes and rivers.
13. Grey Heron - Grey heron is a
long-legged predatory wading bird of the heron family, Ardeidae,
native throughout temperate Europe and Asia and also parts of Africa.
A bird of wetland areas, it can be seen around lakes, rivers, ponds,
marshes and on the sea coast. They have a white head and neck with a
broad black stripe that extends from the eye to the black crest. The
body and wings are grey above and the underparts are greyish-white,
with some black on the flanks. The long, sharply pointed beak is
pinkish-yellow and the legs are brown.
14. Algae – Algae are a type of
plant-like living things that can make food from sunlight by
photosynthesis. Algae are a large and diverse group of simple,
typically autotrophic organisms. Some have one cell and others have
many cells. Algae are usually found in damp places or water, and are
common on land and water.
15. Lesser Flamingo - Lesser flamingo is a
species of flamingo occurring in sub-Saharan Africa with another
population in India. Lesser flamingo is the smallest species of
flamingo, though it is a tall and large bird by most standards. The
species can weigh from 1.2 to 2.7 kg. The standing height is around
80 to 90 cm.
16. Green Sea Turtle - Green sea turtle is
a large sea turtle of the family Cheloniidae. This species is named
for the green color of its fat, rather than the colour of its skin or
shell as most people think. It can grow up to 1 m long and weigh up
to 160 kg. They are an endangered species. They can also be found in
warm waters around the world and are found along the coast of 140
countries. Green sea turtles are omnivorous eating plants, algae,
plankton and other small animals.
17. Oystercatcher - Oystercatchers are a
group of waders forming the family Haematopodidae. They are found on
coasts worldwide apart from the polar regions and some tropical
regions of Africa. Oystercatcher has the heaviest bill of any living
wader. Oystercatchers may live upto 35 years.
18. Octopus - Octopus is a genus of
cephalopod mollusc in the order Octopoda. They have two eyes and four
pairs of arms with suckers. They have a hard beak, with the mouth at
the centre point of the arms.Octopus have no internal or external
skeleton.
19. Painted Stork – The painted stork is
a large wading bird in the stork family. It is found in the wetlands
of the plains of tropical Asia south of the Himalayas in the Indian
Subcontinent and extending into Southeast Asia. This large stork has
a heavy yellow beak with a down-curved tip. The head of the adult is
bare and orange or reddish in colour.
20. Sea Cucumber - Sea cucumbers are
echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea. They are marine animals
with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single,
branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide.
The sea cucumbers are named after their resemblance to the fruit of
the cucumber plant.
21. Common Spoonbill - Spoonbills are a
group of large & long-legged wading birds. All spoonbills have
large, flat, spatulate bills and feed by wading through shallow
water, sweeping the partly opened bill from side to side. Spoonbills
generally prefer fresh water to salt but are found in both
environments. They need to feed many hours each day.
22. Lobster - Lobsters are large
crustaceans that live in the sea. They form the family of
Nephropidae, which is sometimes also called Homaridae. Lobsters are
an economically important type of seafood. Lobsters usually move
slowly by walking on the bottom of the sea floor.
23. Tiger Shark - Tiger shark is one of the
largest known species of shark. It reaches lengths of up to 5.5
metres and weighs over 900 kg. They have been known to swim to depths
of up to 350 metres. Tiger sharks feed mainly on bony fish, rays,
squid, crustaceans, seals and dolphins. Tiger shark is the only
species in its family which is ovoviviparous, giving birth to 10-82
pups at a time.
24. Sea Urchin - Sea urchins are easily
recognised type of marine animals. They have globe-like shape of the
body that is covered with large number of long spines. Bony plates
form shell that provides protection for the soft inner parts. They
are usually 1.2 to 3.9 inches in diameter. Sea urchins usually live
in warm waters on the rocky bottom or close to the coral reefs.
25. Hermit Crab - Hermit crab is a type of
crab that does not have a hard shell.The hermit crab is a crustacean,
but it is very different from other crustaceans. While most
crustaceans are covered from head to tail with a hard exoskeleton,
the hermit crab is missing part of its exoskeleton. Hermit crabs are
omnivores and scavengers. They eatworms, plankton and organic debris.
26. Golden Plover - Golden plover is a
medium-sized plover. It was believed that golden plovers flocked when
rain was imminent. It is a migratory bird and winters in south Asia
and Australasia.
27. Banded Sea Krait (Sea Snake) - Banded
sea krait is a species of venomous sea snake found in tropical
Indo-Pacific oceanic waters. The snake has distinctive black stripes
and a yellow snout, with a paddle-like tail for use in swimming. The
banded sea krait spends much of its time underwater in order to hunt,
but returns to land to digest, rest, and reproduce. It has very
potent neurotoxic venom which it uses to prey on eels and small fish.
28. Finless Porpoise - Finless porpoise is
one of seven derpwhale species. The finless porpoise lives in the
coastal waters of Asia, especially around Japan, Korea, China,
Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Bangladesh. Finless porpoises can grow
to as much as 2.27 m in length, and can weigh up to 72 kg. Finless
porpoises are known to eat fish, shrimp, squid, cuttlefish and
octopuses.
29. White Tailed Eagle - White-tailed eagle
are also known as sea eagle is a large bird of prey in the family
Accipitridae. It measures 66–94 cm in length with a 1.78–2.45 m
wingspan. The adult is mainly grayish-brown except for the slightly
paler head and neck, blackish flight feathers and distinctive white
tail. All bare parts are yellow in colour, including both the bill
and the legs.
30. Broadclub Cuttlefish - Broadclub
cuttlefish is widely distributed from the Andaman Sea to Fiji and
south to northern Australia. It is the most common cuttlefish species
on coral reefs, living at a depth of up to 30m. Broadclub cuttlefish
is the second largest cuttlefish species growing upto 50 cm in length
and 10 kg in weight. It is known to prey on shrimp and prawns.
31. Parrotfish – Parrotfish are a large
group of marine species inhabiting shallow coastal waters in tropical
and subtropical oceans throughout the world. Their largest species
richness is in the Indo-Pacific. They are found in coral reefs, rocky
coasts and seagrass beds and play a significant role in bioerosion.
32. Sea Horse - Seahorse is the name given
to 54 species of small marine fishes in the genus Hippocampus. They
are called 'seahorses' because their head looks like that of a horse.
They live in tropical oceans. Seahorses rely on camouflage to avoid
detection. Seahorses range in size from 1.5 to 35.5 cm.
33. Soft Coral - Soft corals are an order
of corals which do not produce calcium carbonate skeletons. Soft
corals contain minute, spiny skeletal elements called sclerites,
useful in species identification. Sclerites give these corals some
degree of support and give their flesh a spiky, grainy texture that
deters predators. Many soft corals are easily collected in the wild
for the reef aquarium.
34. Pearl Oyster – Pearl oysters is a
genus of saltwater oysters, marine bivalve molluscs in the family
Pteriidae. These oysters have a strong inner shell layer composed of
nacre, also known as "mother of pearl".
35. Pintail – Pintail is a dabbling duck
of the genus Anas with three described subspecies. Pintail has a
brown head and neck. The bill is yellow with a black tip and a black
stripe down the middle. The tail is brownish and pointed. The upper
wing is grayish-brown, and the secondaries are blackish-green. The
rest of the body is buffish brown with varying size black spots.
36. Scalloped Hammerhead - Scalloped
hammerhead is a species of hammerhead shark. It primarily lives in
warm temperate and tropical coastal waters all around the globe
between latitudes 46°N and 36°S, down to a depth of 500 m. It is
the most common of all hammerheads. This shark feeds primarily on
fish such as sardines, mackerel and herring and occasionally on
cephalopods such as squid and octopus.
37. Loggerhead Sea Turtle - Loggerhead sea
turtle is an oceanic turtle distributed throughout the world. It is a
marine reptile, belonging to the family Cheloniidae. The loggerhead
sea turtle is found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, as
well as the Mediterranean Sea. It spends most of its life in
saltwater and estuarine habitats, with females briefly coming ashore
to lay eggs. The loggerhead sea turtle is the world's largest
hard-shelled turtle.
38. Humpback Whale - Humpback Whale is a
large baleen whale with long flippers and a knobbly head. They can be
found in every ocean. They can grow to 15–16 m (49–52 ft) long
and weigh up to 40 metric tons. The male humpback whale is known to
sing for up to 22 hours at a time. Their lifespan ranges from 45 to
100 years.
39. Broadbarred Firefish - broadbarred
firefish, is a fish found in the tropical Indian and WesternPacific
Oceans it grows to a maximum of 20 cm and has venomous spiny dorsal
fins. Its typical habitat is in lagoons and reefs, where it hides
during the day and hunts shrimp and crab at night.
40. Blacktip Reef Shark - Blacktip reef
shark is a species of requiem shark. The blacktip reef shark is found
throughout nearshore waters of the tropical and subtropical
Indo-Pacific. In the Indian Ocean. The blacktip reef shark has a
short, wide, rounded snout and moderately large, oval eyes. Most
blacktip reef sharks are no more than 1.6 m long.
41. Acorn Worm - Acorn worms are a
hemichordate class of invertebrates consisting of one order of the
same name. Most acorn worms range from 9 to 45 centimetres in length.
Acorn worms are rarely seen by humans because of their lifestyle.
They live in U-shaped burrows on the sea-bed, from the shoreline down
to a depth of 10,000 ft.
42. Dugong - Dugong is a large mammal that
lives its whole life in the sea. They are sometimes called "sea
cows" as they eat large amounts of sea grass. Dugong can grow to
about 3 m (10 ft) long and weigh as much as 400 kg. They only come to
the surface to breathe and they never come up on the land. The dugong
can live for up to 70 years of age.
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