Chart 628 - Sensory System

Sensory System Chart

Spectrum Chart - 628 : Sensory System

1. Eye - Eyes are the organs of vision. Eyes detect light and allow us to see. The part of the eye that allows us to focus on different things in known as the lens, it changes shapes so we can focus on objects at various distances.

2. Ear - The ear is the organ of hearing. Ears convert sound waves into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain. While your ears pick up the sound, it is your brain that does the hard work of making sense of it all.

3. Nose - A nose is a body part which allows humans to breathe air & smell things. It filters the air breathed in, removing dust, germs and irritants. It warms and moistens the air to keep the lungs and tubes that lead to them from drying out.

4. Tongue - The tongue is the fleshy muscle inside the mouth. A tongue lets us taste because the top of the tongue is made mostly of taste buds. It also helps the process of mastication by mixing food with saliva. It is very flexible, so it also helps us eat and talk. The tongue is the strongest muscle in the human body.

5. Skin - Human skin is the covering or integument, of the body’s surface that both provides protection and receives sensory stimuli from the external environment.The skin consists of three layers of tissue, (i) the epidermis, an outermost layer that contains the primary protective structure, the stratum corneum, (ii) the dermis, a fibrous layer that supports and strengthens the epidermis and (iii) the subcutis, a subcutaneous layer of fat beneath the dermis that supplies nutrients to the other two layers and that cushions and insulates the body.

6. Sight/Vision – Sight (also called eyesight or vision) is one of the senses. Having sight means to be able to see. Seeing gives individuals knowledge of the world. The ability to interpret visible light information reaching the eyes is called visual perception. Sight is the resulting perception. The components that are necessary for vision are known as the visual system.

7. Hearing – Hearing is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear. Hearing is performed primarily by the auditory system mechanical waves, known as vibrations are detected by the ear and transduced into nerve impulses that are perceived by the brain. Like touch, audition requires sensitivity to the movement of molecules in the world outside the organism. Both hearing and touch are types of mechanosensation.

8. Smell – The sense of smell is how a human or animal notices a smell by using the nose. Many animals have better noses than people. Some animals can detect small particles in the air or sometimes water that people cannot. People have special cells in the nose that can detect some chemicals. These are special nerve cells attached to the olfactory epithelium. All vertebrates have these cells. The smell is first processed by the olfactory system. The information is given to the olfactory bulb in the front of the forebrain.

9. Taste – Taste is one of the five senses. It is the sensation that a human or animal experiences on the tongue when eating. Usually, there are the tastes of sweet, sour, bitter, spicy and salty. Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue.

10. Touch – Touch is one of the five main senses. It can be called the sense of body or the sense of touch. The system also has internal sensory receptors and includes sensing temperature and pain. There is a special area in the brain used to processing input of touch. It is in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex. Tiny touch sense organs under the skin help animals feel hardness, softness and sharpness. Some parts of the body, such as fingertips have many more sense organs than others.

11. Visual System - Visual system allows individuals to assimilate information from their surroundings. The act of seeing starts when the cornea and then the lens of the eye focuses an image of its surroundings onto a light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually part of the brain that is isolated to serve as a transducer for the conversion of patterns of light into neuronal signals. The lens of the eye focuses light on the photo receptive cells of the retina, also known as the rods and cones, which detect the photons of light and respond by producing neural impulses. These signals are processed in a hierarchical fashion by different parts of the brain, from the retina upstream to central ganglia in the brain.

12. Auditory System – The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing. It includes both the sensory organs (the ears) and the auditory parts of the sensory system. The outer ear funnels sound vibrations to the eardrum, increasing the sound pressure in the middle frequency range. The middle-ear ossicles further amplify the vibration pressure roughly 20 times.

13. Olfactory System – The olfactory system or sense of smell, is the part of the sensory system used for smelling. Most mammals and reptiles have a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects airborne substances, while the accessory system senses fluid-phase stimuli.The peripheral olfactory system consists mainly of the nostrils, ethmoid bone, nasal cavity and the olfactory epithelium.

14. Gustatory System - The gustatory system is the sensory system responsible for the perception of taste and flavour. In humans, the gustatory system is comprised of taste cells in the mouth (which sense the five taste modalities: salty, sweet, bitter, sour and umami), several cranial nerves and the gustatory cortex.

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