Chart 535 - Mineral Wealth of India 2

Mineral Wealth of India 2 Chart

Spectrum Chart - 535 : Mineral Wealth of India 2

1. Silica Sand – Silica sand is the sand found on a beach and is also the most commonly used sand. It is made by either crushing sandstone or taken from natural occurring locations, such as beaches and river beds. Silica sand is the most commonly used sand because of its great abundance and low cost.

2. Chromite - Chromite is an iron chromium oxide. It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. It is by far the most industrially important mineral for the production of metallic chromium, used as an alloying ingredient in stainless and tool steels. The chromium extracted from chromite is used in chrome plating and alloying for production of corrosion resistant superalloys, nichrome and stainless steel. It is also sometimes used as a gemstone.

3. Garnet – Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. There are many different kinds of garnets, containing different metals. Crystals of garnet are often large and pretty. Their most common colour is red or purple, but they can be found in almost all colours and are often used in jewellery.

4. Fluorite - Fluorite is a mineral made up of calcium and fluoride or calcium fluoride. It can come in every single colour on the colour spectrum. Pure fluorite is colourless. When fluorite is coloured it is because of various impurities. Fluorite glows when it is exposed to UV light. Because of its soft texture, fluorite is used in carving.

5. Granite - Granite is one of the most common rocks on Earth, and is the most common igneous rock. This dense stone is used in construction, for everything from basic building to beautiful polished countertops.

6. Lignite - Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft brown combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. It has a carbon content around 60-70%. It is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

7. Laterite - Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content. Laterites are a source of aluminium ore. The majority of the land area containing laterites is between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.

8. Gypsum – Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, blackboard chalk and wallboard. Gypsum is a main ingredient in plaster of Paris which is used to make casts and sculptures. Gypsum is also used to make cement and paint fillers.

9. Manganese Ore - Manganese is a silvery-grey metal and is part of the group known as the transition metals. It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to oxidize. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.

10. Limestone - Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Limestone is very common in architecture. Many landmarks across the world, including the Great Pyramid are made of limestone.

11. Mica – The mica group of sheet silicate minerals includes several closely related materials having nearly perfect basal cleavage. Mica is stable when exposed to electricity, light, moisture and extreme temperatures. It has superior electrical properties as an insulator and as a dielectric and can support an electrostatic field while dissipating minimal energy in the form of heat.

12. Thorianite – Thorianite is a rare thorium oxide mineral. It was so named on account of its high percentage of thorium, it also contains the oxides of uranium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium. It is slightly less radioactive than pitchblende, but is harder to shield due to its high energy gamma rays.

13. Limonite – Limonite is an iron ore consisting of a mixture of hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxides in varying composition. Limonite is relatively dense with a specific gravity varying from 2.7 to 4.3. It varies in colour from a bright lemony yellow to a drab greyish brown. Limonite is one of the two principal iron ores, the other being hematite and has been mined for the production of iron since at least 2500 BCE.

14. Dolomite - Dolomite is a mineral and a rock that has a unique saddle-shaped crystal. It is made up of calcium magnesium carbonate and most likely exists in sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Dolomite can be found in large, thick areas called dolomite beds. Dolomite is used in the manufacturing of bricks that are used to produce steel.

15. Copper Ore - Copper is an element and a mineral. It is found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits in hydrothermal veins, in the cavities of basalt and as pore fillings and replacements in conglomerates. It is rarely found in large quantities. Most copper produced is extracted from sulfide deposits. Most copper mined today is used to conduct electricity - mostly as wiring.

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