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| Forest Products Chart |
Spectrum Chart - 460 : Forest Products
1. Timber / Lumber (Wood) – Timber /
lumber is wood that has been processed into beams and planks, a stage
in the process of wood production. Timber is the raw material for
furniture-making and other items requiring additional cutting and
shaping. It is available in many species, usually hardwoods, but it
is also readily available in softwoods, such as white pine and red
pine. It is mainly used for structural purposes but has many other
uses as well. It is classified more commonly as a softwood than as a
hardwood, because 80% of lumber comes from softwood.
2. Bamboo - Bamboos include some of the
fastest-growing plants in the world. Bamboos are of notable economic
and cultural significance in South Asia, as they are being used for
building materials, as a food source and as a versatile raw product.
Bamboo has a higher specific compressive strength than wood, brick or
concrete and a specific tensile strength that rivals steel. It can be
used for scaffolding. Bamboo is an easy construction material that is
not too expensive.
3. Medicinal Herbs / Plants - Medicinal
plants have been identified and used throughout human history. Plants
make many chemical compounds that are for biological functions,
including defence against insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. The
use of herbs to treat disease is widespread in non-industrialised
societies.
4. Honey – Honey is a food made by
honeybees from nectar. Then they put the honey into a honeycomb,
which for them is a storage unit. Honey is sweet and can be used
instead of sugar. It is a supersaturated liquid. As the temperature
drops, glucose comes out of solution. Then it is a semi-solid rather
than a liquid. The main uses of honey are in cooking, baking,
desserts such as a spread on bread and as an addition to various
beverages, such as tea and as a sweetener in some commercial
beverages.
5. Rubber - Natural rubber (latex rubber)
is made from the white sap of some trees. Malaysia is one of the
leading producers of rubber. Rubber latex is extracted from rubber
trees. The economic life period of rubber trees in plantations is
around 32 years up to 7 years of immature phase and about 25 years of
productive phase. The flexibility of rubber is often used to make
gloves, tires, plugs and masks and a few things can be made only from
rubber.
6. Fungi - A fungus is a kind of living
organism yeasts, moulds and mushrooms are types of fungi. The fungi
are a separate kingdom of living things, different from animals and
plants. Edible fungi are widely used as human food. Certain types of
cheese need a fungal species to be added. The fungi give a unique
flavor and texture to the cheese.
7. Nutmeg - Nutmeg is the seed of the
tree, roughly egg-shaped and about 20 to 30 mm long. The first
harvest of nutmeg trees takes place 7–9 years after planting and
the trees reach full production after twenty years. Nutmeg is usually
used in powdered form. Several other commercial products are also
produced from nutmeg, including essential oils, extracted oleo resins
and nutmeg butter.
8. Cinnamon – Cinnamon is a spice got
from the inner bark of cinnamomum verum. The flavour of cinnamon is
due to an aromatic essential oil that makes up 0.5 to 1% of its
composition. It is of a golden-yellow colour, with the characteristic
odour of cinnamon and a very hot aromatic taste. Cinnamon bark is
used as a spice. It is also used in many dessert recipes, such as
apple pie, doughnuts and cinnamon buns, as well as spicy candies,
coffee, tea, hot cocoa and liqueurs.
9. Sandalwood - Sandalwood is heavy,
yellow and fine-grained, and unlike many other aromatic woods, they
retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from
the woods for use. Sandalwood oil has a distinctive soft, warm,
smooth, creamy and milky precious-wood scent. It imparts a
long-lasting, woody base to perfumes. Sandalwood oil in India is
widely used in the cosmetic industry.
10. Resin – Resin is a "solid or
highly viscous substance," which are typically convertible into
polymers. The resin acts as a bandage protecting the plant from
invading insects and pathogens. Plant resins are valued for the
production of varnishes, adhesives and food glazing agents. They are
also prized as raw materials for the synthesis of other organic
compounds and provide constituents of incense and perfume. The hard
transparent resins, such as the copals, dammars, mastic and sandarac,
are principally used for varnishes and adhesives.
11. Neem - Neem is a fast-growing tree that
can reach a height of 15–20 metres. Its fruits and seeds are the
source of neem oil. Neem leaves are dried and placed in cupboards to
prevent insects eating the clothes and also in tins where rice is
stored. Neem leaves are dried and burnt in the tropical regions to
keep away mosquitoes. Products made from neem trees have been used in
India for over two millennia for their medicinal properties. The
tender shoots and flowers of the neem tree are eaten as a vegetable.
12. Cardamom - Cardamom is a spice made
from the seeds of several plants in the genera Elettaria. They are
recognised by their small seed pods, triangular in cross-section and
spindle-shaped, with a thin, papery outer shell and small black
seeds. Cardamom are used as flavourings and cooking spices in both
food and drink and as a medicine. Cardamom has a strong, unique
taste, with an intensely aromatic, resinous fragrance.
13. Teak – Teak is a tropical hardwood
species placed in the family Lamiaceae. Teak is a large, deciduous
tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. Teak's high oil content,
high tensile strength and tight grain make it particularly suitable
where weather resistance is desired. It is used in the manufacture of
outdoor furniture and boat decks. It is also used for cutting boards,
indoor flooring, countertops and as a veneer for indoor furnishings.
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