Chart 712 - Digestive System

Digestive System Chart

Spectrum Chart - 712 : Digestive System

1. Tongue - The tongue is the fleshy muscle inside the mouth. A tongue lets us taste because the top of the tongue is made mostly of taste buds. It also helps the process of mastication by mixing food with saliva. It is very flexible, so it also helps us eat and talk. The tongue is the strongest muscle in the human body.

2. Mouth - Mouth is an opening in the face is the first part of the alimentary canal (digestive system). It is the place where the chewing of food occurs. The mouth has teeth to help chew the food. Mouth also plays a significant role in communication. The tongue, lips and jaw, which are parts of the mouth, are needed to produce the range of sounds included in human language.

3. Liver - The liver is an organ in the abdomen. It is part of the gastrointestinal system. The liver is a gland and plays a major role in metabolism with numerous functions in the human body, including regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production and detoxification.

4. Stomach - Stomach is part of the digestive system. The stomach is the third stage in the digestive process. It holds food after ingestion. Food in the stomach then passes through to the small intestine where most of the food's nutrition are absorbed.

5. Large Intestine - Large intestine is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system. It connects the small intestine to the rectum and anus. It is about 1.5 meters long or 5 feet. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored as faeces before being removed by defecation.

6. Rectum – Rectum is a part of the large intestine which forms a part of the gastrointestinal system. The rectum ends in the anus which is the end of the gastrointestinal system. It is where faeces or stools are stored temporarily before coming out of the anus.

7. Salivary Gland – The salivary glands make saliva. Saliva keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system wet and slippery. They also help break down the food when you are chewing. This helps food go down the throat to the stomach.

8. Digestive System - Digestive system consists of organs like tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food we eat into smaller components so that nutrients can be easily absorbed by the body and the waste discarded.

9. Pharynx – The pharynx is an organ in the back of the throat. As such, it is part of the gastrointestinal system. It comes after the mouth and before the esophagus. Food and air go through the pharynx. The pharynx keeps food and liquids out of the lungs.

10. Esophagus – The esophagus, commonly known as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is lined with muscle. This muscle pushes food down into the stomach. The esophagus can contract or expand to allow for the passage of food.

11. Gallbladder - Gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ in your abdomen. It stores about 50 ml of acidic liquid (bile) until the body needs it for digestion. That liquid helps digest fat. The gallbladder is about 7-10 cm long in humans. It is dark green in colour because of the bile in it. It is connected to the liver and the duodenum by the biliary tract. Humans can live without a gallbladder. The surgical removal of the gallbladder is called a cholecystectomy.

12. Pancreas - Pancreas is an organ that makes hormones and enzymes to help digestion. The pancreas helps break down carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The pancreas is behind the stomach and is on the left side of the human body. The pancreas belongs to two systems of the body: the digestive system for its role in breaking down nutrients and the endocrine system for producing hormones.

13. Small Intestine - Small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place. The small intestine has three distinct regions – the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

14. Spleen - The spleen is an organ in vertebrates. The spleen is part of the lymphatic system. In people, it is on the left side of the body, under the heart. The spleen helps fight infections and keeps the blood cells healthy.

15. Anus – The anus is the opening in the human body that is between the buttocks. It is at the end of the gastrointestinal system, where faeces or stool comes out of the body. The anus passes through the pelvic floor. The anus is surrounded by muscles. The top and bottom of the anus are surrounded by the internal and external anal sphincters, two muscular rings which control defeaecation.

16. Parotid Gland – The parotid gland is a major salivary gland, they are present on either side of the mouth and in front of both ears. Each parotid is wrapped around the mandibular ramus and secretes serous saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth, to facilitate mastication and swallowing and to begin the digestion of starches.

17. Submandibular Gland - The paired submandibular glands are major salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth. They each weigh about 15 grams and contribute some 60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion; on stimulation their contribution decreases in proportion as the parotid secretion rises to 50%.

18. Sublingual Gland - The paired sublingual glands are major salivary glands in the mouth. They are the smallest, most diffuse, and the only unencapsulated major salivary glands. They provide only 3-5% of the total salivary volume.

19. Appendix – The appendix is a blind ended tube connected to the cecum. The appendix has no function in humans, but it can cause diseases like appendicitis. The human appendix averages 9 cm in length but can range from 2 to 20 cm. The appendix is usually located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen, near the right hip bone. The base of the appendix is located 2 cm beneath the ileocecal valve that separates the large intestine from the small intestine.

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