Digestive System Chart |
Spectrum Chart - 712 : Digestive System
1. Tongue - The tongue is the fleshy
muscle inside the mouth. A tongue lets us taste because the top of
the tongue is made mostly of taste buds. It also helps the process of
mastication by mixing food with saliva. It is very flexible, so it
also helps us eat and talk. The tongue is the strongest muscle in the
human body.
2. Mouth - Mouth is an opening in the face
is the first part of the alimentary canal (digestive system). It is
the place where the chewing of food occurs. The mouth has teeth to
help chew the food. Mouth also plays a significant role in
communication. The tongue, lips and jaw, which are parts of the
mouth, are needed to produce the range of sounds included in human
language.
3. Liver - The liver is an organ in the
abdomen. It is part of the gastrointestinal system. The liver is a
gland and plays a major role in metabolism with numerous functions in
the human body, including regulation of glycogen storage,
decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone
production and detoxification.
4. Stomach - Stomach is part of the
digestive system. The stomach is the third stage in the digestive
process. It holds food after ingestion. Food in the stomach then
passes through to the small intestine where most of the food's
nutrition are absorbed.
5. Large Intestine - Large intestine is
the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive
system. It connects the small intestine to the rectum and anus. It is
about 1.5 meters long or 5 feet. Water is absorbed here and the
remaining waste material is stored as faeces before being removed by
defecation.
6. Rectum – Rectum is a part of the
large intestine which forms a part of the gastrointestinal system.
The rectum ends in the anus which is the end of the gastrointestinal
system. It is where faeces or stools are stored temporarily before
coming out of the anus.
7. Salivary Gland – The salivary glands
make saliva. Saliva keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive
system wet and slippery. They also help break down the food when you
are chewing. This helps food go down the throat to the stomach.
8. Digestive System - Digestive system
consists of organs like tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas and
gallbladder. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down
food we eat into smaller components so that nutrients can be easily
absorbed by the body and the waste discarded.
9. Pharynx – The pharynx is an organ in
the back of the throat. As such, it is part of the gastrointestinal
system. It comes after the mouth and before the esophagus. Food and
air go through the pharynx. The pharynx keeps food and liquids out of
the lungs.
10. Esophagus – The esophagus, commonly
known as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ through which food
passes from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is lined with
muscle. This muscle pushes food down into the stomach. The esophagus
can contract or expand to allow for the passage of food.
11. Gallbladder - Gallbladder is a
pear-shaped organ in your abdomen. It stores about 50 ml of acidic
liquid (bile) until the body needs it for digestion. That liquid
helps digest fat. The gallbladder is about 7-10 cm long in humans. It
is dark green in colour because of the bile in it. It is connected to
the liver and the duodenum by the biliary tract. Humans can live
without a gallbladder. The surgical removal of the gallbladder is
called a cholecystectomy.
12. Pancreas - Pancreas is an organ that
makes hormones and enzymes to help digestion. The pancreas helps
break down carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The pancreas is behind
the stomach and is on the left side of the human body. The
pancreas belongs to two systems of the body: the digestive system for
its role in breaking down nutrients and the endocrine system for
producing hormones.
13. Small Intestine - Small intestine is
the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the
large intestine and is where most of the end absorption of food takes
place. The small intestine has three distinct regions – the
duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
14. Spleen - The spleen is an organ in
vertebrates. The spleen is part of the lymphatic system. In people,
it is on the left side of the body, under the heart. The spleen helps
fight infections and keeps the blood cells healthy.
15. Anus – The anus is the opening in the
human body that is between the buttocks. It is at the end of the
gastrointestinal system, where faeces or stool comes out of the body.
The anus passes through the pelvic floor. The anus is surrounded by
muscles. The top and bottom of the anus are surrounded by the
internal and external anal sphincters, two muscular rings which
control defeaecation.
16. Parotid Gland – The parotid gland is
a major salivary gland, they are present on either side of the mouth
and in front of both ears. Each parotid is wrapped around the
mandibular ramus and secretes serous saliva through the parotid duct
into the mouth, to facilitate mastication and swallowing and to begin
the digestion of starches.
17. Submandibular Gland - The paired
submandibular glands are major salivary glands located beneath the
floor of the mouth. They each weigh about 15 grams and contribute
some 60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion; on stimulation their
contribution decreases in proportion as the parotid secretion rises
to 50%.
18. Sublingual Gland - The paired
sublingual glands are major salivary glands in the mouth. They are
the smallest, most diffuse, and the only unencapsulated major
salivary glands. They provide only 3-5% of the total salivary volume.
19. Appendix – The appendix is a blind
ended tube connected to the cecum. The appendix has no function in
humans, but it can cause diseases like appendicitis. The human
appendix averages 9 cm in length but can range from 2 to 20 cm. The
appendix is usually located in the lower right quadrant of the
abdomen, near the right hip bone. The base of the appendix is located
2 cm beneath the ileocecal valve that separates the large intestine
from the small intestine.