Sensory System Chart |
Spectrum Chart - 628 : Sensory System
1. Eye - Eyes are the organs of vision.
Eyes detect light and allow us to see. The part of the eye that
allows us to focus on different things in known as the lens, it
changes shapes so we can focus on objects at various distances.
2. Ear - The ear is the organ of hearing.
Ears convert sound waves into nerve impulses that are sent to the
brain. While your ears pick up the sound, it is your brain that does
the hard work of making sense of it all.
3. Nose - A nose is a body part which
allows humans to breathe air & smell things. It filters the air
breathed in, removing dust, germs and irritants. It warms and
moistens the air to keep the lungs and tubes that lead to them from
drying out.
4. Tongue - The tongue is the fleshy
muscle inside the mouth. A tongue lets us taste because the top of
the tongue is made mostly of taste buds. It also helps the process of
mastication by mixing food with saliva. It is very flexible, so it
also helps us eat and talk. The tongue is the strongest muscle in the
human body.
5. Skin - Human skin is the covering or
integument, of the body’s surface that both provides protection and
receives sensory stimuli from the external environment.The skin
consists of three layers of tissue, (i) the epidermis, an outermost
layer that contains the primary protective structure, the stratum
corneum, (ii) the dermis, a fibrous layer that supports and
strengthens the epidermis and (iii) the subcutis, a subcutaneous
layer of fat beneath the dermis that supplies nutrients to the other
two layers and that cushions and insulates the body.
6. Sight/Vision – Sight (also called
eyesight or vision) is one of the senses. Having sight means to be
able to see. Seeing gives individuals knowledge of the world. The
ability to interpret visible light information reaching the eyes is
called visual perception. Sight is the resulting perception. The
components that are necessary for vision are known as the visual
system.
7. Hearing – Hearing is the ability to
perceive sound by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of
the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the
ear. Hearing is performed primarily by the auditory system mechanical
waves, known as vibrations are detected by the ear and transduced
into nerve impulses that are perceived by the brain. Like touch,
audition requires sensitivity to the movement of molecules in the
world outside the organism. Both hearing and touch are types of
mechanosensation.
8. Smell – The sense of smell is how a
human or animal notices a smell by using the nose. Many animals have
better noses than people. Some animals can detect small particles in
the air or sometimes water that people cannot. People have special
cells in the nose that can detect some chemicals. These are special
nerve cells attached to the olfactory epithelium. All vertebrates
have these cells. The smell is first processed by the olfactory
system. The information is given to the olfactory bulb in the front
of the forebrain.
9. Taste – Taste is one of the five
senses. It is the sensation that a human or animal experiences on the
tongue when eating. Usually, there are the tastes of sweet, sour,
bitter, spicy and salty. Taste is the sensation produced when a
substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells
located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue.
10. Touch – Touch is one of the five main
senses. It can be called the sense of body or the sense of touch. The
system also has internal sensory receptors and includes sensing
temperature and pain. There is a special area in the brain used to
processing input of touch. It is in the parietal lobe of the cerebral
cortex. Tiny touch sense organs under the skin help animals feel
hardness, softness and sharpness. Some parts of the body, such as
fingertips have many more sense organs than others.
11. Visual System - Visual system allows
individuals to assimilate information from their surroundings. The
act of seeing starts when the cornea and then the lens of the eye
focuses an image of its surroundings onto a light-sensitive membrane
in the back of the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually
part of the brain that is isolated to serve as a transducer for the
conversion of patterns of light into neuronal signals. The lens of
the eye focuses light on the photo receptive cells of the retina, also
known as the rods and cones, which detect the photons of light and
respond by producing neural impulses. These signals are processed in
a hierarchical fashion by different parts of the brain, from the
retina upstream to central ganglia in the brain.
12. Auditory System – The auditory system
is the sensory system for the sense of hearing. It includes both the
sensory organs (the ears) and the auditory parts of the sensory
system. The outer ear funnels sound vibrations to the eardrum,
increasing the sound pressure in the middle frequency range. The
middle-ear ossicles further amplify the vibration pressure roughly 20
times.
13. Olfactory System – The olfactory
system or sense of smell, is the part of the sensory system used for
smelling. Most mammals and reptiles have a main olfactory system and
an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects
airborne substances, while the accessory system senses fluid-phase
stimuli.The peripheral olfactory system consists mainly of the
nostrils, ethmoid bone, nasal cavity and the olfactory epithelium.
14. Gustatory System - The gustatory system
is the sensory system responsible for the perception of taste and
flavour. In humans, the gustatory system is comprised of taste cells
in the mouth (which sense the five taste modalities: salty, sweet,
bitter, sour and umami), several cranial nerves and the gustatory
cortex.
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