Diseases 2 Chart |
Spectrum Chart - 337 : Diseases 2
1. Pneumonia – Pneumonia is a disease of
the lungs and the respiratory system. The lung contains many small
bulbs or sacs called alveoli. These help to take out oxygen from the
air. In the case of pneumonia, these bulbs become inflamed. They fill
up with a fluid and can no longer absorb as much oxygen as before.
Pneumonia is due to infections caused primarily by bacteria or
viruses and less commonly by fungi and parasites. Pneumonia is
typically diagnosed based on a combination of physical signs and a
chest X-ray.
2. Chikungunya – Chikungunya is an
infection caused by the chikungunya virus. It can cause joint pains
that can last for weeks, months or sometimes even years. Chikungunya
is spread to humans by two species of mosquito Aedes albopictus and
Aedes aegypti. Since 2004, there have been outbreaks in Asia, Europe
and The Americas. There is no known treatment or cure for
chikungunya.
3. Diarrhea - Diarrhea is the condition of
having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It
often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid
loss. The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to
either a virus, bacteria or parasite, a condition known as
gastroenteritis. Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved
sanitation, clean drinking water and hand washing with soap.
4. Chicken Pox - Chickenpox is a highly
contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella
zoster virus. The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that
forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually
starts on the chest, back and face then spreads to the rest of the
body. Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through
the coughs and sneezes of an infected person.
5. Asthma – Asthma is a common long term
inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterised
by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction
and bronchospasm. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing,
chest tightness and shortness of breath. Asthma is thought to be
caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and
allergens.
6. Leprosy - Leprosy is an infectious
disease. It has been known for a very long time. It is caused by a
bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae. A person with leprosy is called a
leper. Getting the disease is hard, since it requires close contact
with someone who has it, over a long period of time. About 95% of
people seem to be naturally immune to it. Most cases of leprosy occur
in India and other developing countries. The symptoms of leprosy are
irregular spots and patches on the skin. These are either lighter
coloured than the surrounding skin or reddish in colour.
7. Typhoid - Typhoid is a bacterial
infection due to Salmonella typhi that causes symptoms, which may
vary from mild to severe and usually begin six to thirty days after
exposure. Typhoid usually lasts between two weeks and a month. The
symptoms of typhoid often appear 10 to 14 days after infection. If no
treatment is given, between one and three out of every ten patients
die.
8. Anthrax – Anthrax is an infection
caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can occur in four
forms skin, inhalation, intestinal and injection. Symptoms begin
between one day and two months after contracting the infection. The
skin form presents with a small blister with surrounding swelling
that often turns into a painless ulcer with a black centre. Anthrax
is spread by contact with the spores of the bacteria, which are often
from infectious animal products. Contact is by breathing, eating or
through an area of broken skin. It does not typically spread directly
between people.
9. Polio – Polio is a virus that causes
a serious disease. It is spread from person to person. Most of the
time, polio has no symptoms unless it goes into the blood. Once
infected there is no specific treatment. In 2015 polio affected less
than 100 people, down from 350,000 cases in 1988. It is hoped that
vaccination efforts and early detection of cases will result in
global eradication of the disease by 2018.
10. Jaundice – Jaundice is when the skin
and the whites of the eyes become a yellow colour. People with
jaundice have a problem with their liver, which stops it from
removing dead red blood cells properly. These blood cells contain a
chemical called bilirubin. Bilirubin causes the yellow colouring of
the skin. Jaundice is often seen in liver disease such as hepatitis
or liver cancer. The main symptom of jaundice is a yellowish
discoloration of the white area of the eye and the skin. Urine is
dark in colour.
11. Thyrotoxic Goitre (Thyroid) – A
thyroid disease is a medical condition impairing the function of the
thyroid. Different thyroid diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis,
hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. These diseases have a large range
of symptoms and affect all ages. Imbalance in production of thyroid
hormones arises from dysfunction of the thyroid gland itself, the
pituitary gland, which produces thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) or
the hypothalamus, which regulates the pituitary gland via
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Hypothyroidism affects between
three and ten percent of adults, with incidence higher in women and
the elderly.
12. Brain Tumor – A brain tumor occurs
when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types
of tumors: malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors. All types
of brain tumors may produce symptoms that vary depending on the part
of the brain involved. These may include headaches, seizures, problem
with vision, vomiting and mental changes. The cause of most brain
tumors is unknown. The treatment varies based on the type of tumor.
For meningiomas, surgical removal of the tumor alone is often
sufficient. Malignant tumors like anaplastic astrocytoma and
glioblastoma multiforme, however, require more aggressive therapy.
13. Herpes - Herpes is a virus. It causes
two common diseases. Both diseases have painful, watery blisters in
the skin or mucous membranes or on the genitals. They have minimal
symptoms or form blisters that break open and result in small ulcers.
These typically heal over two to four weeks. Tingling or shooting
pains may occur before the blisters appear.
14. Cardiac Defibrillation (Heart Attack) -
Heart attack occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart
causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest
pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back,
neck or jaw. Most heart attacks are caused by coronary artery
disease. A wax-like material called plaque builds up on the inside
walls of arteries in the heart. Due to which less blood can flow
through the blood vessels & reach heart, this causes heart
attack. A person can lower their chances of getting coronary artery
disease by eating healthy foods, exercising, not smoking cigarettes
and not drinking alcohol.
15. Diabetes - Diabetes is a group of
metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a
prolonged period. Diabetes is the condition that results from lack of
insulin in a person's blood. Symptoms include frequent urination,
increased thirst and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes
can cause many complications. Diabetes can often be prevented by
maintaining a normal body weight, engaging in physical exercise and
consuming a healthful diet.
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